Visualisations in practice – from traditional to innovative

In public consultation processes, complex infrastructure projects must be communicated in such a way that all stakeholders can discuss them on an equal footing. Visualisations play a central role in this: they make projects understandable and tangible, and enable a change of perspective. The spectrum ranges from traditional renderings and architectural models to modern techniques such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR) and CAVE systems.

Renderings are two-dimensional or three-dimensional images that can quickly visualise route options or the course of utility lines. Architectural models and animated films also convey spatial dimensions and show how a structure fits into its surroundings. Real-time simulations and info-points go even further: users can move around freely, navigate independently and experience different scenarios – a crucial advantage for projects that are difficult to visualise.

Virtual & Augmented Reality – what’s behind them?

Virtual Reality enables complete immersion in an artificial environment, for example through VR headsets or CAVE systems. In a CAVE, three-dimensional projection surfaces are used to create realistic virtual spaces – such as for a virtual helicopter flight over a converter station. VR blocks out the real world, thereby offering the highest level of immersion.

Augmented Reality, on the other hand, enhances the real environment with digital elements in real time. Using tablets or smartphones, planned pylons or structures can be superimposed onto the actual surroundings. This makes the scale of a project realistically visible – user-friendly, intuitive and also suitable for larger groups. The technology used depends on the project phase, the target audience and the information requirements.

Visualisations in practice – what goes down well?

The VisB+ research project, conducted by the University of Hohenheim and the Fraunhofer Institute, investigated which visualisation methods are most effective in public engagement. The key criteria were credibility, authenticity and realism, followed by interactivity, real-time control and immersion.

Traditional renderings performed surprisingly poorly. The main criticism was the lack of the ability to change perspective. As viewers see only a predetermined view, renderings appear less credible. Immersive methods such as VR and, in particular, CAVE technology were rated significantly higher. They enable a quick, intuitive introduction to the project – without any prior knowledge – and generate a high level of acceptance.

AR scores particularly highly for user-friendliness: it is easy to use, does not isolate the user from their surroundings, and is well suited to groups. Information can be experienced without the need for specialised technology.

Our 4 tips for visualisations in public engagement

1. Define objectives: Which visualisation suits the project phase and the stakeholders’ expectations? Clarify early on what is to be communicated.
2. Assess needs: Visualisations are particularly helpful for contentious issues or complex planning details – especially during the approval phase.
3. Consider the target audience: CAVE and immersive VR are suitable for smaller groups such as local councils. AR tools are often better suited to the general public.

4. Weigh up costs and benefits: Virtual methods are effective, but can sometimes be costly. The added value should be proportionate to the effort involved.

    

The use of virtual tools will continue to grow. Even today, VR, AR and interactive simulations can significantly improve public participation – by reducing complexity, creating transparency and bringing projects to life. Professional visualisation is therefore a key component of successful participation processes and already offers a glimpse into the world of tomorrow.

Further information is available from the VisB+ research project and the Baden-Württemberg Foundation’s guide ‘Visualising Construction Projects’.